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I. Read the extract given below and answer the question that follows:
(i). What is meant by microscopic dot? What is said about Kritam in the extract?
Ans. A microscopic dot means something very small. In the extract, it is mentioned that probably the "Kritam" is the smallest village in India among seven hundred thousand villages which lies in India.
(ii). It is the wrong question.
Ans. ----------------------------------
(iii) Give a brief description of the village Kritam.
Ans. "Kritam" was probably the tiniest village among seven hundred thousand villages of India. The village consisted of less than thirty houses, only one of them built with brick and cement. The other houses, distributed in four streets, were generally of bamboo thatch, straw, mud or unspecified material. And also a shop for foodstuff and other items in the third street.
(iv) Give the meaning of Kritam in Tamil. Where did Muni live in the village?
Ans. The meaning of "Kritam" in Tamil is "coronet" or " crown" on the brow of the Indian subcontinent.
Muni lived in the last house in the fourth street, beyond which stretched the fields.
(v) How did the Big House differ from other houses? How does this difference reflect on the theme of the story?
Ans. Unlike other houses in the village, the Big House was built with bricks and cement. It was painted with brilliant yellow and blue color with gorgeous carvings of gods and gargoyles on its balustrade while the other houses in the village were generally of bamboo thatch, straw, mud, and other unspecified materials. The difference in wealth and property is reflected in this story as the big house represents the status of the wealthy while the other houses represent the poverty of the people like Muni in the village.
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(i) How did Muni care for his sheep and goats? Why did he carry a crook at the end of a bamboo pole?
Ans. Muni care for his sheep and goats as he drives the flock to the highway a couple of miles away to graze around. He carried a crook at the end of a bamboo pole and to collect foliage from the avenue trees to feed his flock.
(ii) In his prosperous days, how many sheep and goats did Muni have? What happened to most of them later?
Ans. In his prosperous days, Muni had owned a flock of forty sheep and goats. Gradually, Muni’s fortunes declined and his flock of forty was reduced to only two goats.
(ii). It is the wrong question.
Ans. ----------------------------------
(iii) Give a brief description of the village Kritam.
Ans. "Kritam" was probably the tiniest village among seven hundred thousand villages of India. The village consisted of less than thirty houses, only one of them built with brick and cement. The other houses, distributed in four streets, were generally of bamboo thatch, straw, mud or unspecified material. And also a shop for foodstuff and other items in the third street.
(iv) Give the meaning of Kritam in Tamil. Where did Muni live in the village?
Ans. The meaning of "Kritam" in Tamil is "coronet" or " crown" on the brow of the Indian subcontinent.
Muni lived in the last house in the fourth street, beyond which stretched the fields.
(v) How did the Big House differ from other houses? How does this difference reflect on the theme of the story?
Ans. Unlike other houses in the village, the Big House was built with bricks and cement. It was painted with brilliant yellow and blue color with gorgeous carvings of gods and gargoyles on its balustrade while the other houses in the village were generally of bamboo thatch, straw, mud, and other unspecified materials. The difference in wealth and property is reflected in this story as the big house represents the status of the wealthy while the other houses represent the poverty of the people like Muni in the village.
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II. Read the extract given below and answer the question that follows:
Ans. Muni care for his sheep and goats as he drives the flock to the highway a couple of miles away to graze around. He carried a crook at the end of a bamboo pole and to collect foliage from the avenue trees to feed his flock.
(ii) In his prosperous days, how many sheep and goats did Muni have? What happened to most of them later?
Ans. In his prosperous days, Muni had owned a flock of forty sheep and goats. Gradually, Muni’s fortunes declined and his flock of forty was reduced to only two goats.
(iii) What did Muni’s wife give him for breakfast and midday meals? What does it show about his economic condition?
Ans. Muni’s wife would give him salted millet flour in boiled water for breakfast. For the midday meal, she would give him the same millet cooked into a little ball, with raw onion. This shows their poverty as they could not afford anything else.
(iv) Why did Muni tether his two goats to the trunks of the drumstick tree? What claim does he have over the tree?
Ans. Muni tethers his goats to the trunks of the drumstick tree so that his two goats could graze only within a set radius and not wander off and get lost. Although no one could say precisely who owned the tree, the only claim Muni had was that he lived in its shadow, so it was his.
(v) Compare and contrast Muni’s prosperous days with his present living conditions. Give two points of difference between the living conditions of Muni and the foreigner.
Ans. He once lived a prosperous life and reared a flock of forty sheep and goats, but now he was left with two goats. Muni wanted to enjoy his life, but now he had lost his riches, he had no option but to remember his past with regret. He remembered the time when he smoked a cigarette, chewed betel leaves, and bhang in a hut in the coconut grove with the famous butcher from the town. Even today, he craved to chew the drumstick out of sauce but failed to obtain the food items to prepare it, on credit from the shopkeeper.
The "West" here is ignorant of the fact that poverty, hunger, bad weather, etc. are everyday troubles in the "East". The American is linked with materialism and Muni with spiritualism.
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(i) What was Muni craving for? Why?
Ans. Muni has a carving to chew the drumstick out of the sauce. Because he was tired of eating the drumstick alone.
Ans. Muni tethers his goats to the trunks of the drumstick tree so that his two goats could graze only within a set radius and not wander off and get lost. Although no one could say precisely who owned the tree, the only claim Muni had was that he lived in its shadow, so it was his.
(v) Compare and contrast Muni’s prosperous days with his present living conditions. Give two points of difference between the living conditions of Muni and the foreigner.
Ans. He once lived a prosperous life and reared a flock of forty sheep and goats, but now he was left with two goats. Muni wanted to enjoy his life, but now he had lost his riches, he had no option but to remember his past with regret. He remembered the time when he smoked a cigarette, chewed betel leaves, and bhang in a hut in the coconut grove with the famous butcher from the town. Even today, he craved to chew the drumstick out of sauce but failed to obtain the food items to prepare it, on credit from the shopkeeper.
The "West" here is ignorant of the fact that poverty, hunger, bad weather, etc. are everyday troubles in the "East". The American is linked with materialism and Muni with spiritualism.
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III. Read the extract given below and answer the question that follows:
Ans. Muni has a carving to chew the drumstick out of the sauce. Because he was tired of eating the drumstick alone.
(ii) Why did his wife agree to supply him with what he was craving for? Under what condition would she oblige him?
Ans. His wife became agree by thinking that next year, Muni might not be alive to ask for anything. She asked him for rice or millet, and some other food items like "Dhall, chilly, curry leaves, mustard, coriander, gingelly oil, and one large potato."
(iii) How did Muni attract the attention of the shopkeeper and win over his goodwill?
Ans. Muni attracted the attention of the shopkeeper by kept clearing his throat, coughing, and sneezing until the shopman could not stand it anymore. Muni responded appropriately at the shop man’s jokes, inordinately, in order to please the shop man, at being called "Young Man" by shop man. This completely won over the shopkeeper's goodwill.
(iv) How could Muni get some raw food items from the shop?
Ans. Muni would go and sit outside the shop. He would make polite sounds by cleaning his throat, coughing, and sneezing until he caught the attention of the shopman. He would humor the shopman by appropriately responding to his jokes and then Muni could always ask for one or two items of food, promising repayment later.
Ans. His wife became agree by thinking that next year, Muni might not be alive to ask for anything. She asked him for rice or millet, and some other food items like "Dhall, chilly, curry leaves, mustard, coriander, gingelly oil, and one large potato."
(iii) How did Muni attract the attention of the shopkeeper and win over his goodwill?
Ans. Muni attracted the attention of the shopkeeper by kept clearing his throat, coughing, and sneezing until the shopman could not stand it anymore. Muni responded appropriately at the shop man’s jokes, inordinately, in order to please the shop man, at being called "Young Man" by shop man. This completely won over the shopkeeper's goodwill.
(iv) How could Muni get some raw food items from the shop?
Ans. Muni would go and sit outside the shop. He would make polite sounds by cleaning his throat, coughing, and sneezing until he caught the attention of the shopman. He would humor the shopman by appropriately responding to his jokes and then Muni could always ask for one or two items of food, promising repayment later.
(v) The Answer of his question is out of Syllabus so mark it as the wrong question.
Ans. -----------------------------
IV. Read the extract given below and answer the question that follows:
(i) Explain what has happened earlier because of which the shopkeeper is reluctant to give on credit.
Ans. Muni had been in the habit of coming to the shop, humoring the shopman and requesting for one or two items of food with the promise of repaying later. But always Muni was unable to repay later. So, due to this, the shopkeeper is reluctant to give credit to him. Moreover, when the shopman's mood is bad he would lose his temper suddenly and bark at Muni for daring to ask for credit.
(ii) Finally, from where did Muni say that he would get the money? Was he saying the truth? Give a reason to support your answer.
Ans. Muni said that he will get the money from his daughter that she will be sending for him on his 50th birthday. No, he was telling lie as in the later part of the story we came to know that he has no child, and also that he was not 50 years old.
(iii) According to Muni, how old was he? How did he calculate his age?
Ans. According to Muni, he was 50 years old. He always calculated his age from the time of great famine when he stood as high as the parapet around the village well.
iv) What did the shopman say about Muni’s age? How could he guess that?
Ans. According to the shopman, Muni was 70 years old. Muni might be referring to himself as 50 years old man since the last few years from the time of great famine.
v) Which characteristics trait of Muni is revealed from this extract? Give examples to support your answer.
Ans. Muni appeared to be an innocent man, as he tried to convince the shopkeeper to give him food items on credit. It can be said that he was artless but was not cunning. Though he lied, he did not intend to do any harm.
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(i) Who is referred to as a scoundrel? Why was Muni annoyed with the scoundrel?
Ans. The shopman is referred to as a scoundrel. Muni was annoyed because the shop man mocked at his habit of mentioning his birthday time and again asking for credit.
Ans. According to the shopman, Muni was 70 years old. Muni might be referring to himself as 50 years old man since the last few years from the time of great famine.
v) Which characteristics trait of Muni is revealed from this extract? Give examples to support your answer.
Ans. Muni appeared to be an innocent man, as he tried to convince the shopkeeper to give him food items on credit. It can be said that he was artless but was not cunning. Though he lied, he did not intend to do any harm.
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V. Read the extract given below and answer the question that follows:
Ans. The shopman is referred to as a scoundrel. Muni was annoyed because the shop man mocked at his habit of mentioning his birthday time and again asking for credit.
(ii) Why doesn’t Muni argue against what she says? How can you conclude that he trusts her as far as his welfare is concerned?
Ans. Muni did not argue because he knew that if he obeyed his wife she would somehow conjure up some food for him in the evening, only he must be careful not to argue and irritate her. Muni trusted her as far as his welfare was concerned. He knew by taking up occasional jobs in the big house, she would earn some money to keep dinner ready for him in the evening.
(iii) How would Muni’s wife get money to buy foodstuff?
Ans. She would go out and work-grind corn in the Big House, sweep or scrub somewhere, and earn enough money to buy foodstuff and keep dinner ready for him in the evening.
(iv) When Muni was passing through the village what was his and onlookers attitude to each other? Why?
Ans. When Muni was passing through the village, he avoided looking at anyone and wanted to live a lonesome life. He even ignored the call of his "a couple of cronies", when he was taking his goats to graze. Because being a poor man he realized that the only way to connect with the larger world was to sit at the pedestal on the highway and see the lorries and buses passing through.
Ans. Muni did not argue because he knew that if he obeyed his wife she would somehow conjure up some food for him in the evening, only he must be careful not to argue and irritate her. Muni trusted her as far as his welfare was concerned. He knew by taking up occasional jobs in the big house, she would earn some money to keep dinner ready for him in the evening.
(iii) How would Muni’s wife get money to buy foodstuff?
Ans. She would go out and work-grind corn in the Big House, sweep or scrub somewhere, and earn enough money to buy foodstuff and keep dinner ready for him in the evening.
(iv) When Muni was passing through the village what was his and onlookers attitude to each other? Why?
Ans. When Muni was passing through the village, he avoided looking at anyone and wanted to live a lonesome life. He even ignored the call of his "a couple of cronies", when he was taking his goats to graze. Because being a poor man he realized that the only way to connect with the larger world was to sit at the pedestal on the highway and see the lorries and buses passing through.
(v) Why did Muni's wife refuse him any food? What does it reveal about Muni's wife?
Ans. Muni's wife refuses to give him any food because she had nothing in her store to prepare the food. This reveals that Muni's wife was a hardworking woman, whom poverty had not worn down. She was so honest that she was not delighted on seeing the hundred rupees note but accused Muni of stealing it.
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VI. Read the extract given below and answer the question that follows:
(i) Which statue is referred to in the extract? Describe the statue of the horse.
Ans. The statue of a horse is referred in the extract. The horse was nearly life-size, moulded out of clay, baked, burnt, and brightly colored, and reared its head proudly, prancing its forelegs in the air and flourishing its tail in a loop.
(ii) How did the statue of the warrior look? How did the image-makers depict him as a man of strength?
Ans. The statue of the warrior, stood beside the horse, has scythe-like mustachios, bulging eyes, and aquiline nose. The image-makers depict him as the man of strength by giving him scythe-like mustachios, bulging eyes, and aquiline nose.
(iii) Why didn’t Muni, the villagers, or the vandals notice the splendor of the statue of the horse?
Ans. Muni, the villagers, or the vandals didn’t notice the splendor of the statue of the horse because the statue was far away from the residence of the villagers. So, hardly anyone had the time or care of seeing the statue, as a result, there were no marks on it, no scratches.
iv) Why didn’t Muni go back home early?
Ans. Muni didn’t go back home early because if he went too early his wife would have no food for him and also he wanted to give his wife time to cool off her temper and feel sympathetic enough to arrange some food for him.
v) Briefly give the difference between Muni and the visiting American. State how does it reflect on the theme of the clash between "materialism and spiritualism"?
Ans. Muni was an old man residing in the Kritam village. He once lived a prosperous life and reared a flock of forty, but now he was left with two goats. Muni wanted to enjoy life, but now he had lost his riches, he had no option but to remember his past with regret. He was a man who lived more in the past, than in the present.
The red-faced man represents a typically wealthy American. He is polite and courteous as he offered Muni a cigarette and though he did not understand Muni, he listened to him attentively. He was a typical American tourist who wished to take back home the statue as a souvenir.
Ans. Muni didn’t go back home early because if he went too early his wife would have no food for him and also he wanted to give his wife time to cool off her temper and feel sympathetic enough to arrange some food for him.
v) Briefly give the difference between Muni and the visiting American. State how does it reflect on the theme of the clash between "materialism and spiritualism"?
Ans. Muni was an old man residing in the Kritam village. He once lived a prosperous life and reared a flock of forty, but now he was left with two goats. Muni wanted to enjoy life, but now he had lost his riches, he had no option but to remember his past with regret. He was a man who lived more in the past, than in the present.
The red-faced man represents a typically wealthy American. He is polite and courteous as he offered Muni a cigarette and though he did not understand Muni, he listened to him attentively. He was a typical American tourist who wished to take back home the statue as a souvenir.
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VII. Read the extract given below and answer the question that follows:
(i) Describe the arrival of the red-faced foreigner.
Ans. The red-faced foreigner arrived in the village by a yellow vehicle that looked like both motor car and bus at full speed. He stopped that vehicle in front of Muni, got down and went around it, poked under the vehicle because his car ran out of gas. And then starred in Muni's direction and approached him.
(ii) What did the foreigner say looking at the clay horse?
Ans. The foreigner looked up at the clay horse and cried, “ Marvellous.”
(iii) State the feelings of Muni after meeting the foreigner. Why did he have such feelings?
Ans. As soon as Muni met the foreigner his first impulse was just to run away but his age did not allow him. He assumed the foreigner to be a policeman or a soldier enquiring about the rumoured murder as he had worn a khaki cloth.
iv) Looking at the clothes of the foreigner what did Muni think? How did the foreigner put him at ease?
iv) Looking at the clothes of the foreigner what did Muni think? How did the foreigner put him at ease?
Ans. The foreigner had worn khaki clothes. It made Muni think that he was a policeman or a soldier. To put Muni at ease, the other man pressed his palms together, smiled, and said, “ Namaste!”
v) Having exhausted his English vocabulary, what did Muni say in Tamil?
Ans. Having exhausted his English vocabulary, he started in Tamil:" My name is Muni. These goats are mine, and no one can gainsay it- though our village is full of slanderers these days who will not hesitate to say that what belongs to a man doesn't belong to him."
Part 2» Countinue
v) Having exhausted his English vocabulary, what did Muni say in Tamil?
Ans. Having exhausted his English vocabulary, he started in Tamil:" My name is Muni. These goats are mine, and no one can gainsay it- though our village is full of slanderers these days who will not hesitate to say that what belongs to a man doesn't belong to him."
Part 2» Countinue